ringin alarms for india........
China's gigantic tasks: For the first time in its history, China is faced with unprecedented multilateral gigantic tasks internationally. The first task is the aftermath of the earthquake that struck Sichuan on May 12. The earthquake caused large-scale destruction of property in the urban and rural areas; 87,000 people were killed or missing; five million rendered homeless. The rehabilitation will take three years.
Although the initial rescue work was carried out with considerable success, repairing and rebuilding damaged properties would take years and huge financial resources. What cannot be re-built is the loss of lives. Emergency measures should be made to do whatever, and to send emergency aid to people in the stricken areas.
China's senior political advisors gathered on July 2 in Beijing to discuss the country's economic situation as well as the earthquake relief and reconstruction campaign.
Jia Qinglin, chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee and member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Politbureau, presided over the inaugural session of the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th CPPCC National Committee.
Mr Jia praised CPPCC members for their participation in the earthquake relief campaign. The relief situation, at the same time, remained serious and the tasks very heavy, he said. The CPPCC was responsible and duty-bound to contribute to the relief and reconstruction work. Mr Jia encouraged the senior advisors to speak their views at the meeting, to provide the Party Central Committee and the State Council with more valuable comments and proposals.
Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang, in a report on the economic situation, said that China is experiencing the most austere economic and social challenges. China had maintained stable and relatively fast economic development, thanks to the timely decisions and arrangements by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, as well as the work by local Party committees and governments, said Mr Zhang who is also a member of the Politbureau of the CPC Central Committee.
The country would continue earthquake relief and reconstruction while firmly adhering to promoting economic and social development, so as to achieve social harmony and stability. Mr Zhang hailed the reform of state-owned enterprises in the past 30 years, and pledged to speed up the reform. He said China had entered a crucial stage in developing its social security system, which required increased investment to "allow everyone enjoy fundamental living security, while trying hard to reach the goal of enabling everyone to enjoy schooling, find paid jobs, get medical services, retire on a pension, and live in decent housing".
The second gigantic task for China is to accomplish a successful Olympic Games in August, for which China has put in much work. On July 4, I was listening to BBC broadcast. Its correspondent in Beijing commented that Chinese leaders and Olympic organisers will be pleased to hear the decision that the US President George W. Bush will attend the opening ceremony on August 8.
The decision of Mr Bush came "as a key symbolic victory for China and will please leaders and Olympic organisers there". Announcing the decision, White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said: "He believes he's going to China to support first and foremost our athletes. He sees this as a sporting competition." Mr Bush and his wife, Laura, will also meet Chinese President Hu Jintao as part of their visit to China," the White House statement added.
The US announcement comes days after senior envoys of Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, held a second round of talks with a Chinese official in Beijing.
It seems there are different opinions among other leaders of the world. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown plans to be at the closing ceremony. So the international support for the Beijing Olympics is beginning to surge forward. Since the opening of the Olympics is more than four weeks away, it is likely that more world leaders will decide to attend the Olympics.
The US President's meeting with President Hu Jintao and other senior Chinese leaders could lead to discussion of a wider range of issues.
Last but not the least is the organisation of the first international textile machinery show in Shanghai, which combines ITMA Asia + CITME, which will take place at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre from July 27 to July 31, 2008. This is not an ordinary textile machinery show, but with massive participation of textile machinery makers from around the world.
The Organiser of the show is Beijing Textile Machinery International Exhibition Co. Ltd.
The Co-Organiser is MP International Pte Ltd, in partnership with Japan Textile Machinery Association (JTMA).
CITME was started 20 years ago, initially from a small show in Beijing. Starting this year, the combined ITMA Asia + CITME will be held in China every two years. "Taking off in Shanghai, the milestone event features the unique strengths of the ITMA brand and China's most important textile event."
The features of ITMA Asia + CITME 2008 are:
- Asia's largest international texitle machinery and accessories exhibition, having the strongest support of trade associations and their members from China (CTMA), Japan (JTMA) and Europe - ACIMIT (Italy), Amec/Amtex (Spain), BTMA (UK), GTM (Netherlands), Swissmem (Switzerland), Symatex (Belgium), TMAS (Sweden), UCMTF (France) and VDMA (Germany).
- Around 100,000 international trade visitors from all sectors of the textile industry
- Over 1,200 international exhibitors.
Kayser Sung
Special Reports
Euratex speaks out against EC: Last year, the EU27 textile and apparel industry lost nearly 10,000 companies and 170,000 jobs. This year will also be a tough one, says Francesco Marchi, the economic affairs director of the European apparel and textiles organisation Euratex. So, it wasn't surprising that at the General Assembly of Euratex in Brussels on May 30, the mood was tense. And Fritz-Harald Wenig, the director for market access and industry of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Trade, who represented the Commission at this event, took a lot of flak.
Several speakers, especially Euratex president Michele Tronconi, made it clear to Mr Wenig, that Euratex is not at all pleased with the way the European Commission defends, or rather omits to defend, the interests of the European textile and apparel industry at the Doha Development Round. He said: "Perhaps European and national officials too have yet to understand that our companies at present are living a nightmare, with an overvalued currency, an inability to export, the risk of high inflation, and ever more regulatory obstacles being placed in their path. We need action from them on our behalf, in this case by rejecting what is on the table today, in favour of genuine market access for our member-companies."
The director general of Euratex Bill Lakin explained what's 'on the table today'. It's a text submitted to WTO members on May 19 this year by the Canadian ambassador Don Stephenson who is group chairman for the industry negotiations. According to Mr Lakin, the proposals contained in that text demonstrate that the EU has made little effort over time to fulfil the terms of its own mandate adopted in December 2003.
Presenting himself to the audience at the Euratex General Assembly as 'Your voice in Brussels in matters of EU trade policy', Fritz-Harald Wenig emphasised that the European Commission remains fully committed to free trade and the Doha multilateral trade negotiations. "However," he added, "today we have to work in an environment where the benefits of free trade are not taken for granted. Support for free trade is diminishing world wide."
The gap between the imports duties in the EU and in emerging countries like Brazil, India and China, Mr Wenig confirmed was huge. The current ratio is more or less one to three. He insisted that there's no question that EU Doha Round negotiators will accept this ratio to further deteriorate to, say, one to five. Also the very lengthy transition periods which are currently being discussed (e.g. China pleading for transition periods up to 18 years, during which no tariff cuts should occur) are unacceptable to the EU. Mr Wenig regretted that the existing non-tariff barriers have not yet been sufficiently addressed.
On the other hand, he saw several reasons to be happy about the Doha Round negotiations. If an agreement could be achieved eventually, it would lead to important tariff cuts, e.g. by China (30%), Thailand (26%), Malaysia (20%). China is also willing to put an end to subsidising input costs (e.g. of fuel).
In 2007, the EU27 textile and apparel industry's exports reached 36.5 billion euros or 17.3% of total sector turnover. Sector experts believe an even better export performance is possible, if the companies concerned have better access to foreign markets.
From Jozef De Coster, Bruges
EC questions US trade policy: There is growing concern within the 27-nation European Union that the United States, despite all its free trade rhetoric, is returning to a policy of trade protectionism. It is understandable; there are huge stakes involved in the cross-Atlantic partnership. The US is the biggest trading partner of the EU, with some 1.7 billion euros worth of trade moving across the Atlantic every day.
Against the background of such deep, mutually lucrative engagement, Europeans are sceptical about the security requirements that the US has used to rationalise restrictive import requirements. These requirements are now imposing considerable burden on EU exporters. The new US legislation on 100% scanning, the EU feels, not only goes against a modern customs approach of risk-based controls but it does not guarantee improved security. In fact, it will only increase transaction costs, cause significant delays at ports and introduce huge burdens on exporters and customs administrations worldwide.
On the agricultural front, the EU is not happy with the recently enacted 2008 US Farm Bill. This new piece of legislation, as the EU sees it, maintains the same trade-distorting character of its predecessor, instead of introducing a more reform-oriented agricultural policy.
Thus, the European Commission submitted more than 90 detailed technical questions to the US at the ninth WTO trade policy review of the US held in Geneva in early June. In his statement at this gathering the EU ambassador to the WTO Eckart Guth pointed out that: "The EC, like others, remain concerned that we are seeing less commitment to multilateralism than in the past, especially since the US has always been the main proponent as well as the beneficiary of the multilateral system. We strongly encourage the US to address this issue during the review."
US apparel imports keep sliding: US imports of woven and knit apparel fell again during the first quarter of 2008, continuing the weakening trend which began during the second half of 2007. The value of imports declined 5% to $17.02 billion, compared with the first quarter of 2007. Import quantity also declined 4.4% to 5.68 billion garments.
Weak demand is the primary factor for the downturn, but the decline in import value is also partially determined by shift in favour of knit imports. As the ratio of the quantity of knit apparel to woven apparel shifts, there is downward pressure on total import value.
China's market share declined from 29.1% during the first quarter of 2007 to 27.7% in 2008. The value of Chinese imports suffered their first significant decline as the value of Chinese imports fell by 9.7% to $4.72 billion. The quantity of Chinese garments also declined by 189 million pieces or 11.0% to 1.526 billion pieces, pushing down Chinese market share by quantity from 28.8% to 26.9%.
From Douglas Smith, Columbia, SC
Cotton prices forecast to hold high: The Cotlook A Index has remained above 70 US cents per pound since mid-December 2007. According to the International Cotton Advisory Committee, this is a level that was seldom reached in the previous three seasons.
The ICAC secretariat now thinks that the Cotlook A Index will average 73 cents per pound during 2007/08 or 24% more than in the previous season. This would be the highest season-average Cotlook A Index since 1996/97 (when it reached 79 cents per pound). The significant growth in cotton prices this season has been driven more by increases in prices of competing crops and speculative activity than by fundamental measures of cotton supply and use.
ICAC thinks world cotton production will fall by 2% in 2007/08 to 26.2 million tons and decline again slightly in 2008/09 to 25.9 million tons. Declines in production are forecast in the United States, Brazil, and Turkey due to competition from grains and soybeans.
ITMA '07 survey
Survey 14
Dry Surface Finishing: Dry surface finishing process lends fabric surface an aesthetic effect with little or no use of water or any aqueous medium. This survey focuses on two main types of dry finishing system, laser and plasma, exhibited at ITMA 2007.
Regarding laser system, Automatisa developed an Artificial Vision Technology for laser cutting and engraving. With this technology the software recognises, through a scanner, with high precision the draws outline that are about to be cut, exempting the use of references marks used in traditional process. That way, it is possible to have different drawing of different sizes and angular positions in the same area, independently of the complexity of the draws in the same product. Two machines are featured: AVANZA and PRISMA. Both machines are operated with Artificial Vision Technology with high precision through servomotors.
Other exhibitors of laser systems included: CADCAM Tecjmp;pgu, Eurolaser, GFK (Garment Finish KAY S.L.), GMI, Golden Laser Manufacturing, KMT, LST, OT-LAS, PROEL, SEI, SEIT Elettronica.
Regarding plasma system, from AHLBRANDT SYSTEM GmbH comes three systems for corona plasma treatment, namely: AS Corona Star; AS Coating Star; AS Plasma Star.
Other exhibitors of plasma systems included: Arioli, GRINP, Mageba Textilmaschinen GmbH, Unitech Textile Machinery.
By C.W. Kan and C.W.M. Yuen, both of the Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Survey 15:
Garment processing equipment: In recent years, garment processing such as garment washing and dyeing contributed a lot to the manufacturing process. This is a survey of garment processing equipment exhibited at ITMA 2007.
AVANTEC - DE FRANCESCHI offers the Turbo Pintora garment dyeing machine which comes with different capacities - 1300-litre (Turbo Pintora 1.3), 2200-litre (Turbo Pintora 2.2), 3100-litre (Turbo Pintora 3.1), 4100-litre (Turbo Pintora 4.1) and 5000-litre (Turbo Pintora 5.0). Turbo Pintora has a pneumatic type with vertical sliding opening system for garments loading and unloading. The machine is driven by two motors to provide maximum basket rotation flexibility and it has a self-balancing system with special electro-pneumatic shock absorbers for perfect stability during the centrifuging phase. It has special fixed and removable beaters to help easy and good movement of garments. Turbo Pintora permits to work with very low liquor ratios. The machine can be equipped with a colour kitchen which includes a tank for chemical products introduction; a tank for dissolving and introducing dyestuff; and a tank for dissolving and dosing slat and alkali. All this are controlled by a microprocessor.
Other exhibitors included: Broncol s.r.l., Blastex, Cibitex, Maino International, OMI Waching Machinery, Tupesa, Texcolour, Tolon, Tonello, Yilmak.
By C.W. Kan and C.W.M. Yuen, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
ITMA Asia + CITME 08 preview II
Dyeing, spinning, weaving, knitting machines etc.: Fong's Industries Group, with head office in Hong Kong, comprising Fong's National, THEN, Goller and Xorella will exhibit a series of advanced products and technologies. Among them: JUMBOFLOW and JUMBOFLOW-SUPER high temperature dyeing machine, ECO-88D high temperature dyeing machine, the ALLWIN high temperature package dyeing machine, The ALLFIT-1 small batch dyeing machine, MicroWin mini sample yarn dyeing machine, etc.
ITEMA Weaving will present its renowned brands Somet, Vamatex, Sulzer Textil, ITEMA Shanghai, Fimtextile, OMV and Actex, and its complete range of machines, accessories and services. The highlight will be the EK808, the new ITEMA Shanghai rapier weaving machine.
For detecting and eliminating colour and colourless contamination in cotton blow room line, Loptex has developed the EASY LINK Optosonic Digit+ system. It can also reduce the loss of good fibre to its minimum. The EASY LINK system is the natural development of the old Integral system which was running through the optical sensor and was dedicated to the detection of colour contamination.
The US manufacturer Morrison Textile Machinery will showcase its new denim preparation machines. For instance, the HLT 450 Ball Warper and UPB 550 Long Chain Beamer (Rebeamer) combine the practical application of process proven designs and the latest technology to provide superior yarn opening performance and high quality ball warps.
Picanol will display six high-tech weaving machines. They are, GT-Max 6-R 190 Rapier weaving machine, OMNIjet 4-P 190 Airjet weaving machine, OMNIplus 800 2-P 340 Airjet weaving machine, OMNIplus 800 4-P 190 Airjet weaving machine, OptiMax 6-R 220 Rapier weaving machine, and TERRYplus 800 6-R 260 Airjet weaving machine for terry. Separately, a Picanol jacquard airjet weaving machine, OptiMax 8-J 190, will be on display at the Stäubli booth.
Rieter will display numerous innovations for short staple fibre spinning. Among them, the new compact spinning machine K 45, the new single head SB-D 11 drawframe and the new comber generation E 66 / E 76. New versions and improvements of the card C 60 and the rotor spinning machine R 40 will also be presented. Yarns, fabrics and final products from COM4 compact yarn, ComfoRo rotor yarn and Rotona rotor core yarn demonstrate Rieter's expertise as a systems supplier. At ITMA ASIA + CITME, Rieter will also highlight its achievements in energy saving by displaying specific solutions.
The main exhibit of SCLAVOS will be its latest Athena2 fabric dyeing machine. This machine incorporates a highly advanced automation system for a very high RFT operation. Another noteworthy item on show will be the unique continuous washing system, Aquachron2G which ensures a non-stop process with the lowest water and energy consumption.
The German knitting machine manufacturer Terrot will exhibit three newly designed and developed machines - S6F348, a single-jersey 6-colour striper machine; S296-1 open width single-jersey high production with a new compact open width frame; and UCC572M, an electronically controlled jacquard double-jersey machine.
Thies GmbH & Co KG will exhibit three products from its range of hi-tech yarn/fabric dyeing machinery. The Luft-roto plus SII fabric dyeing machine, with a unique nozzle design as well as a highly efficient blower, represents a significant development in ultra short liquor ratio dyeing technology, meeting today's demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective production. The ecoMaster fabric dyeing machine is a versatile 'workhorse' in a knit dye house and is a further development of the internationally successful eco-soft plus. LabMaster is a 1 kg laboratory fabric dyeing machine providing the reliable basis for "right first time" dyeing at reduced bulk costs.
To mark its 100th anniversary next year and to demonstrate its commitment to the years ahead, Japan's TSUDAKOMA Corp will exhibit at the next generation ZAX9100 series which integrates the knowledge the company accumulated over a century. The ZAX9100 series air-jet looms are stronger and more flexible; they are the bridge to the next generation. The ZAX9100 airjet loom is well-established for its ultra-high speed.
Van de Wiele will offer the perfect solution, the Velvet Tronic VTR33 in Italian velvet with 74 warp ends per cm (25 pile warp ends and 49 ground warp ends per cm and fabric). The VTR33 is equipped with a 1,728 pile dents reed for a finished fabric width of 140 cm.
The UK company VeriVide will present its DigiEye system - a major cost-saving innovation with the potential to transform supply chain colour and quality management by eliminating many causes of inefficiency and delay. DigiEye, says VeriVide, has the capability to go beyond what can be achieved with conventional spectrophotometers. VeriVide will also be demonstrating the DigiEye Large Area Imaging system.
By our Industrial Staff
Exhibitions and Conferences
The 30th edition of Decosit Brussels will take place from September 13 to 16 in Brussels.
INDA, the association of nonvowevens fabric industry, has scheduled three workshops in India-July 18-19 in Ahmedabad, July 28-29 in Coimbatore and August 1-2 in Kolkata-focusing on education and networking.
A colour technology conference jointly hosted by the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC), the American Association of Textile Chemists & Colorists (AATCC) and the China Textile Information Center (CTIC), and sponsored by Clariant and DyStar will take place in Shanghai from July23 to 25.
An international conference on flax and other bast plants has been scheduled in Saskatoon, Canada, from July 21 to 23.
The Fibre Society's fall 2008 annual meeting and technical conference have been scheduled for October 1-3 at the Industrial Material Institute, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada.
The Food and Agriculture Organsation will hold a natural fibres symposium at its headquarters in Rome on October 20.
The 10th All China Leather Exhibition, the China International Footwear Fair and Moda Shanghai will take place in Shanghai from September 3 to 5.
The second Aachen-Dresden international textile conference will taken place in Dresden, Germany, on December 4-5.
A four-day fashion fair begins in the South Korean city of Daegu on October 15. China's Zhejiang province, a leading textile and garment producer, will host three fairs-the 9th Yiwu international exhibition on hosiery, knitting, dyeing and finishing machinery, the 2nd Yiwu international exhibition on narrow fabric, braiding and garment machinery, and the 2nd Yiwu international exhibition on knitting yarns-in Yiwu city on November 18-20, all of them taking place concurrently at the Meihu Exhibition Centre.
The 8th India International Textile Machinery Exhibition which is known as India ITME has been scheduled for November 15-23 at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre.
The next edition of China's oldest textile industry exhibition, the Shanghai Tex, will take place from June 12 to 15 next year at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre.
The Saigon Textile and Garment Industry Expo which is the only textile and garment trade show of Vietnam will take place again in April next year.
A nonwovens enhancements conference organised by AATCC and INDA, will be held on September 8 at the Hilton Americas in Houston, Texas, USA.
Technical Features
Properties of pulque fibre reinforced LDPE composites: Natural fibres like sisal, jute, hemp and flax that are low in density and excellent in mechanical properties are promising reinforcement to use in thermoplastic composites. They are relatively cheap and obtainable from renewable resources.
To make good use of fibre-reinforced composites, fibre surface treatment must be carried out to obtain an enhanced interface between the hydrophilic fibre and hydrophobic polymer matrix. Modifications of interfaces between fibre and polyester, epoxy, polypropylene, etc, have been studied in this research.
Our composites materials are composed of just two phases. One of them is LDPE, termed matrix, which is continuous and surrounded by the other phase fibre, often called dispersed phase. Technologically, the most important composites are those in which the dispersed phase is in the form of a fibre.
The following conclusion could be drawn from this study:
1. Treating fibre with NaOH can improve the flexural strength and tensile strength of pulque fibre reinforced LDPE composite.
2. Fibre surface treatment can improve the adhesion properties between pulque fibre and matrix and also reduce water absorption.
By M. Maniruzzamani, Md. Minhaz-ul Haque, Md. Sahadat Hossain of the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh; and M.A. Gafur of PP & PDC, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Setting of Xorella yarn conditioning machine to control invisible loss: A high yarn realisation is a factor of great importance in the production economics of a spinning mill. One per cent reduction in yarn realisation would cause almost the same economic impact on the mill's profit as 1% increase in the raw material cost would make. This is because resale value of waste is much less than the actual price of cotton till it reaches yarn stage.
Normally the moisture in cotton will be 5-7%. Cotton is a hydrophilic fibre. It loses 1-2% of its moisture content when the fibre is being made into yarn.
The aim of this study was to determine if weight gain could be increased to more than 1.5% (existing weight gain 1.2% approx.) after two hours for both ring spun and open end rotor spun yarn as well as for waxed and un-waxed material.
In case of waxed material, weight gain after two hours is more than 1.5% and the time taken to complete program is approximate 65 to 70 min. In case of un-waxed material, weight gain after 2 hr is more than 1.7% and the time taken to complete program is approximate 60 min.
By Debi Prasad Gon & R K Nayak, both of The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India
Economical production of fine compact yarns: Combed cotton yarns in the medium and fine count range are being produced increasingly by compact spinning method. This technology is yielding a real gain in yarn quality. The primary benefits are greater utilisation of the fibre substance and reduced yarn hairiness.
The Zinser 351 C³ compact spinning machine permits high production speeds while ensuring process reliability, especially with regard to fine compact yarns. Combining the classic 3-cylinder drafting system with the Zinser CompACT³ unit produces a set-up that is highly reliable in operation.
Management Features
Speculation and cotton prices: The Standard & Poor's Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (S&P GSCI) is not an index fund. It is designed as a benchmark for investment in commodity markets and as a measure of commodity market performance over time. Several institutional investor funds, however, try to replicate or beat the returns calculated with the index.
The estimated notional of benchmarked assets to the S&P GSCI, i.e. the estimated institutional investor funds tracking the index, grew from US$60 billion in 2006 to $85 billion in 2007, and some analysts project they will grow to over $100 billion in 2008. The average share of the funds' assets channelled to cotton futures traded in the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) is approximated in this article through the reference percentage dollar weight (RPDW) of cotton disclosed on the S&P GSCI Index Methodology annual publications. Funds' investment in cotton futures is roughly approximated as the product of the RPDW multiplied by the benchmarked assets to the S&P GSCI.
In order to get a broader picture of the cotton futures and options markets, we analyse the evolution of open interest in the ICE disaggregated by traders' long positions. Data and definitions were obtained from the Commitments of Traders (COT) Reports by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
By Alejandro S. Plastina
Inspiration, insight, innovations: Cotton Inc opened an office in Hong Kong in May, shifting the emphasis from its traditional Southeast Asian headquarters to complement the activities in Shanghai and to reinforce its interest in the China region. The inauguration program included a series of presentations spread over three days and offered in the following topic areas: Inspiration (fashion), Insight (market intelligence) and Innovations (technologies). They started with the product trend analyst of Cotton Inc, Jenna Caccavo revamping her Fall/Winter 2009/10 presentation and following through with insights into the Spring/Summer 2010 season. Mark Messura led the session on market issues and directions, the series being capped by Mike Tyndall and Skip Gordon who skimmed through the multitude of product and process innovations in Cary, North Carolina, USA, and elsewhere.
By Gail Taylor
Ring spinning in fashion revolution: Fashion trends are very diverse. In what direction is fashion developing and what will assert itself in the short and medium term? Elastic yarns are currently in fashion. There is also considerable demand for fabrics with deliberate and clearly visible irregularities, produced from so-called fancy yarns. The urge for individuality in how people dress and what they wear is clearly gaining ground. This calls for systems that enable this very individuality to be taken into account already in the yarn manufacturing process.
Ring spinning machines set standards for yarns featuring superior quality and economy. Rieter supplies supplementary systems for ring spinning and ComforSpin machines, enabling an extremely flexible response to be made to the various fashion trends.
China's gigantic tasks: For the first time in its history, China is faced with unprecedented multilateral gigantic tasks internationally. The first task is the aftermath of the earthquake that struck Sichuan on May 12. The earthquake caused large-scale destruction of property in the urban and rural areas; 87,000 people were killed or missing; five million rendered homeless. The rehabilitation will take three years.
Although the initial rescue work was carried out with considerable success, repairing and rebuilding damaged properties would take years and huge financial resources. What cannot be re-built is the loss of lives. Emergency measures should be made to do whatever, and to send emergency aid to people in the stricken areas.
China's senior political advisors gathered on July 2 in Beijing to discuss the country's economic situation as well as the earthquake relief and reconstruction campaign.
Jia Qinglin, chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee and member of the Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Politbureau, presided over the inaugural session of the second meeting of the Standing Committee of the 11th CPPCC National Committee.
Mr Jia praised CPPCC members for their participation in the earthquake relief campaign. The relief situation, at the same time, remained serious and the tasks very heavy, he said. The CPPCC was responsible and duty-bound to contribute to the relief and reconstruction work. Mr Jia encouraged the senior advisors to speak their views at the meeting, to provide the Party Central Committee and the State Council with more valuable comments and proposals.
Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang, in a report on the economic situation, said that China is experiencing the most austere economic and social challenges. China had maintained stable and relatively fast economic development, thanks to the timely decisions and arrangements by the Party Central Committee and the State Council, as well as the work by local Party committees and governments, said Mr Zhang who is also a member of the Politbureau of the CPC Central Committee.
The country would continue earthquake relief and reconstruction while firmly adhering to promoting economic and social development, so as to achieve social harmony and stability. Mr Zhang hailed the reform of state-owned enterprises in the past 30 years, and pledged to speed up the reform. He said China had entered a crucial stage in developing its social security system, which required increased investment to "allow everyone enjoy fundamental living security, while trying hard to reach the goal of enabling everyone to enjoy schooling, find paid jobs, get medical services, retire on a pension, and live in decent housing".
The second gigantic task for China is to accomplish a successful Olympic Games in August, for which China has put in much work. On July 4, I was listening to BBC broadcast. Its correspondent in Beijing commented that Chinese leaders and Olympic organisers will be pleased to hear the decision that the US President George W. Bush will attend the opening ceremony on August 8.
The decision of Mr Bush came "as a key symbolic victory for China and will please leaders and Olympic organisers there". Announcing the decision, White House spokeswoman Dana Perino said: "He believes he's going to China to support first and foremost our athletes. He sees this as a sporting competition." Mr Bush and his wife, Laura, will also meet Chinese President Hu Jintao as part of their visit to China," the White House statement added.
The US announcement comes days after senior envoys of Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, held a second round of talks with a Chinese official in Beijing.
It seems there are different opinions among other leaders of the world. British Prime Minister Gordon Brown plans to be at the closing ceremony. So the international support for the Beijing Olympics is beginning to surge forward. Since the opening of the Olympics is more than four weeks away, it is likely that more world leaders will decide to attend the Olympics.
The US President's meeting with President Hu Jintao and other senior Chinese leaders could lead to discussion of a wider range of issues.
Last but not the least is the organisation of the first international textile machinery show in Shanghai, which combines ITMA Asia + CITME, which will take place at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre from July 27 to July 31, 2008. This is not an ordinary textile machinery show, but with massive participation of textile machinery makers from around the world.
The Organiser of the show is Beijing Textile Machinery International Exhibition Co. Ltd.
The Co-Organiser is MP International Pte Ltd, in partnership with Japan Textile Machinery Association (JTMA).
CITME was started 20 years ago, initially from a small show in Beijing. Starting this year, the combined ITMA Asia + CITME will be held in China every two years. "Taking off in Shanghai, the milestone event features the unique strengths of the ITMA brand and China's most important textile event."
The features of ITMA Asia + CITME 2008 are:
- Asia's largest international texitle machinery and accessories exhibition, having the strongest support of trade associations and their members from China (CTMA), Japan (JTMA) and Europe - ACIMIT (Italy), Amec/Amtex (Spain), BTMA (UK), GTM (Netherlands), Swissmem (Switzerland), Symatex (Belgium), TMAS (Sweden), UCMTF (France) and VDMA (Germany).
- Around 100,000 international trade visitors from all sectors of the textile industry
- Over 1,200 international exhibitors.
Kayser Sung
Special Reports
Euratex speaks out against EC: Last year, the EU27 textile and apparel industry lost nearly 10,000 companies and 170,000 jobs. This year will also be a tough one, says Francesco Marchi, the economic affairs director of the European apparel and textiles organisation Euratex. So, it wasn't surprising that at the General Assembly of Euratex in Brussels on May 30, the mood was tense. And Fritz-Harald Wenig, the director for market access and industry of the European Commission's Directorate-General for Trade, who represented the Commission at this event, took a lot of flak.
Several speakers, especially Euratex president Michele Tronconi, made it clear to Mr Wenig, that Euratex is not at all pleased with the way the European Commission defends, or rather omits to defend, the interests of the European textile and apparel industry at the Doha Development Round. He said: "Perhaps European and national officials too have yet to understand that our companies at present are living a nightmare, with an overvalued currency, an inability to export, the risk of high inflation, and ever more regulatory obstacles being placed in their path. We need action from them on our behalf, in this case by rejecting what is on the table today, in favour of genuine market access for our member-companies."
The director general of Euratex Bill Lakin explained what's 'on the table today'. It's a text submitted to WTO members on May 19 this year by the Canadian ambassador Don Stephenson who is group chairman for the industry negotiations. According to Mr Lakin, the proposals contained in that text demonstrate that the EU has made little effort over time to fulfil the terms of its own mandate adopted in December 2003.
Presenting himself to the audience at the Euratex General Assembly as 'Your voice in Brussels in matters of EU trade policy', Fritz-Harald Wenig emphasised that the European Commission remains fully committed to free trade and the Doha multilateral trade negotiations. "However," he added, "today we have to work in an environment where the benefits of free trade are not taken for granted. Support for free trade is diminishing world wide."
The gap between the imports duties in the EU and in emerging countries like Brazil, India and China, Mr Wenig confirmed was huge. The current ratio is more or less one to three. He insisted that there's no question that EU Doha Round negotiators will accept this ratio to further deteriorate to, say, one to five. Also the very lengthy transition periods which are currently being discussed (e.g. China pleading for transition periods up to 18 years, during which no tariff cuts should occur) are unacceptable to the EU. Mr Wenig regretted that the existing non-tariff barriers have not yet been sufficiently addressed.
On the other hand, he saw several reasons to be happy about the Doha Round negotiations. If an agreement could be achieved eventually, it would lead to important tariff cuts, e.g. by China (30%), Thailand (26%), Malaysia (20%). China is also willing to put an end to subsidising input costs (e.g. of fuel).
In 2007, the EU27 textile and apparel industry's exports reached 36.5 billion euros or 17.3% of total sector turnover. Sector experts believe an even better export performance is possible, if the companies concerned have better access to foreign markets.
From Jozef De Coster, Bruges
EC questions US trade policy: There is growing concern within the 27-nation European Union that the United States, despite all its free trade rhetoric, is returning to a policy of trade protectionism. It is understandable; there are huge stakes involved in the cross-Atlantic partnership. The US is the biggest trading partner of the EU, with some 1.7 billion euros worth of trade moving across the Atlantic every day.
Against the background of such deep, mutually lucrative engagement, Europeans are sceptical about the security requirements that the US has used to rationalise restrictive import requirements. These requirements are now imposing considerable burden on EU exporters. The new US legislation on 100% scanning, the EU feels, not only goes against a modern customs approach of risk-based controls but it does not guarantee improved security. In fact, it will only increase transaction costs, cause significant delays at ports and introduce huge burdens on exporters and customs administrations worldwide.
On the agricultural front, the EU is not happy with the recently enacted 2008 US Farm Bill. This new piece of legislation, as the EU sees it, maintains the same trade-distorting character of its predecessor, instead of introducing a more reform-oriented agricultural policy.
Thus, the European Commission submitted more than 90 detailed technical questions to the US at the ninth WTO trade policy review of the US held in Geneva in early June. In his statement at this gathering the EU ambassador to the WTO Eckart Guth pointed out that: "The EC, like others, remain concerned that we are seeing less commitment to multilateralism than in the past, especially since the US has always been the main proponent as well as the beneficiary of the multilateral system. We strongly encourage the US to address this issue during the review."
US apparel imports keep sliding: US imports of woven and knit apparel fell again during the first quarter of 2008, continuing the weakening trend which began during the second half of 2007. The value of imports declined 5% to $17.02 billion, compared with the first quarter of 2007. Import quantity also declined 4.4% to 5.68 billion garments.
Weak demand is the primary factor for the downturn, but the decline in import value is also partially determined by shift in favour of knit imports. As the ratio of the quantity of knit apparel to woven apparel shifts, there is downward pressure on total import value.
China's market share declined from 29.1% during the first quarter of 2007 to 27.7% in 2008. The value of Chinese imports suffered their first significant decline as the value of Chinese imports fell by 9.7% to $4.72 billion. The quantity of Chinese garments also declined by 189 million pieces or 11.0% to 1.526 billion pieces, pushing down Chinese market share by quantity from 28.8% to 26.9%.
From Douglas Smith, Columbia, SC
Cotton prices forecast to hold high: The Cotlook A Index has remained above 70 US cents per pound since mid-December 2007. According to the International Cotton Advisory Committee, this is a level that was seldom reached in the previous three seasons.
The ICAC secretariat now thinks that the Cotlook A Index will average 73 cents per pound during 2007/08 or 24% more than in the previous season. This would be the highest season-average Cotlook A Index since 1996/97 (when it reached 79 cents per pound). The significant growth in cotton prices this season has been driven more by increases in prices of competing crops and speculative activity than by fundamental measures of cotton supply and use.
ICAC thinks world cotton production will fall by 2% in 2007/08 to 26.2 million tons and decline again slightly in 2008/09 to 25.9 million tons. Declines in production are forecast in the United States, Brazil, and Turkey due to competition from grains and soybeans.
ITMA '07 survey
Survey 14
Dry Surface Finishing: Dry surface finishing process lends fabric surface an aesthetic effect with little or no use of water or any aqueous medium. This survey focuses on two main types of dry finishing system, laser and plasma, exhibited at ITMA 2007.
Regarding laser system, Automatisa developed an Artificial Vision Technology for laser cutting and engraving. With this technology the software recognises, through a scanner, with high precision the draws outline that are about to be cut, exempting the use of references marks used in traditional process. That way, it is possible to have different drawing of different sizes and angular positions in the same area, independently of the complexity of the draws in the same product. Two machines are featured: AVANZA and PRISMA. Both machines are operated with Artificial Vision Technology with high precision through servomotors.
Other exhibitors of laser systems included: CADCAM Tecjmp;pgu, Eurolaser, GFK (Garment Finish KAY S.L.), GMI, Golden Laser Manufacturing, KMT, LST, OT-LAS, PROEL, SEI, SEIT Elettronica.
Regarding plasma system, from AHLBRANDT SYSTEM GmbH comes three systems for corona plasma treatment, namely: AS Corona Star; AS Coating Star; AS Plasma Star.
Other exhibitors of plasma systems included: Arioli, GRINP, Mageba Textilmaschinen GmbH, Unitech Textile Machinery.
By C.W. Kan and C.W.M. Yuen, both of the Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Survey 15:
Garment processing equipment: In recent years, garment processing such as garment washing and dyeing contributed a lot to the manufacturing process. This is a survey of garment processing equipment exhibited at ITMA 2007.
AVANTEC - DE FRANCESCHI offers the Turbo Pintora garment dyeing machine which comes with different capacities - 1300-litre (Turbo Pintora 1.3), 2200-litre (Turbo Pintora 2.2), 3100-litre (Turbo Pintora 3.1), 4100-litre (Turbo Pintora 4.1) and 5000-litre (Turbo Pintora 5.0). Turbo Pintora has a pneumatic type with vertical sliding opening system for garments loading and unloading. The machine is driven by two motors to provide maximum basket rotation flexibility and it has a self-balancing system with special electro-pneumatic shock absorbers for perfect stability during the centrifuging phase. It has special fixed and removable beaters to help easy and good movement of garments. Turbo Pintora permits to work with very low liquor ratios. The machine can be equipped with a colour kitchen which includes a tank for chemical products introduction; a tank for dissolving and introducing dyestuff; and a tank for dissolving and dosing slat and alkali. All this are controlled by a microprocessor.
Other exhibitors included: Broncol s.r.l., Blastex, Cibitex, Maino International, OMI Waching Machinery, Tupesa, Texcolour, Tolon, Tonello, Yilmak.
By C.W. Kan and C.W.M. Yuen, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
ITMA Asia + CITME 08 preview II
Dyeing, spinning, weaving, knitting machines etc.: Fong's Industries Group, with head office in Hong Kong, comprising Fong's National, THEN, Goller and Xorella will exhibit a series of advanced products and technologies. Among them: JUMBOFLOW and JUMBOFLOW-SUPER high temperature dyeing machine, ECO-88D high temperature dyeing machine, the ALLWIN high temperature package dyeing machine, The ALLFIT-1 small batch dyeing machine, MicroWin mini sample yarn dyeing machine, etc.
ITEMA Weaving will present its renowned brands Somet, Vamatex, Sulzer Textil, ITEMA Shanghai, Fimtextile, OMV and Actex, and its complete range of machines, accessories and services. The highlight will be the EK808, the new ITEMA Shanghai rapier weaving machine.
For detecting and eliminating colour and colourless contamination in cotton blow room line, Loptex has developed the EASY LINK Optosonic Digit+ system. It can also reduce the loss of good fibre to its minimum. The EASY LINK system is the natural development of the old Integral system which was running through the optical sensor and was dedicated to the detection of colour contamination.
The US manufacturer Morrison Textile Machinery will showcase its new denim preparation machines. For instance, the HLT 450 Ball Warper and UPB 550 Long Chain Beamer (Rebeamer) combine the practical application of process proven designs and the latest technology to provide superior yarn opening performance and high quality ball warps.
Picanol will display six high-tech weaving machines. They are, GT-Max 6-R 190 Rapier weaving machine, OMNIjet 4-P 190 Airjet weaving machine, OMNIplus 800 2-P 340 Airjet weaving machine, OMNIplus 800 4-P 190 Airjet weaving machine, OptiMax 6-R 220 Rapier weaving machine, and TERRYplus 800 6-R 260 Airjet weaving machine for terry. Separately, a Picanol jacquard airjet weaving machine, OptiMax 8-J 190, will be on display at the Stäubli booth.
Rieter will display numerous innovations for short staple fibre spinning. Among them, the new compact spinning machine K 45, the new single head SB-D 11 drawframe and the new comber generation E 66 / E 76. New versions and improvements of the card C 60 and the rotor spinning machine R 40 will also be presented. Yarns, fabrics and final products from COM4 compact yarn, ComfoRo rotor yarn and Rotona rotor core yarn demonstrate Rieter's expertise as a systems supplier. At ITMA ASIA + CITME, Rieter will also highlight its achievements in energy saving by displaying specific solutions.
The main exhibit of SCLAVOS will be its latest Athena2 fabric dyeing machine. This machine incorporates a highly advanced automation system for a very high RFT operation. Another noteworthy item on show will be the unique continuous washing system, Aquachron2G which ensures a non-stop process with the lowest water and energy consumption.
The German knitting machine manufacturer Terrot will exhibit three newly designed and developed machines - S6F348, a single-jersey 6-colour striper machine; S296-1 open width single-jersey high production with a new compact open width frame; and UCC572M, an electronically controlled jacquard double-jersey machine.
Thies GmbH & Co KG will exhibit three products from its range of hi-tech yarn/fabric dyeing machinery. The Luft-roto plus SII fabric dyeing machine, with a unique nozzle design as well as a highly efficient blower, represents a significant development in ultra short liquor ratio dyeing technology, meeting today's demand for eco-friendly and cost-effective production. The ecoMaster fabric dyeing machine is a versatile 'workhorse' in a knit dye house and is a further development of the internationally successful eco-soft plus. LabMaster is a 1 kg laboratory fabric dyeing machine providing the reliable basis for "right first time" dyeing at reduced bulk costs.
To mark its 100th anniversary next year and to demonstrate its commitment to the years ahead, Japan's TSUDAKOMA Corp will exhibit at the next generation ZAX9100 series which integrates the knowledge the company accumulated over a century. The ZAX9100 series air-jet looms are stronger and more flexible; they are the bridge to the next generation. The ZAX9100 airjet loom is well-established for its ultra-high speed.
Van de Wiele will offer the perfect solution, the Velvet Tronic VTR33 in Italian velvet with 74 warp ends per cm (25 pile warp ends and 49 ground warp ends per cm and fabric). The VTR33 is equipped with a 1,728 pile dents reed for a finished fabric width of 140 cm.
The UK company VeriVide will present its DigiEye system - a major cost-saving innovation with the potential to transform supply chain colour and quality management by eliminating many causes of inefficiency and delay. DigiEye, says VeriVide, has the capability to go beyond what can be achieved with conventional spectrophotometers. VeriVide will also be demonstrating the DigiEye Large Area Imaging system.
By our Industrial Staff
Exhibitions and Conferences
The 30th edition of Decosit Brussels will take place from September 13 to 16 in Brussels.
INDA, the association of nonvowevens fabric industry, has scheduled three workshops in India-July 18-19 in Ahmedabad, July 28-29 in Coimbatore and August 1-2 in Kolkata-focusing on education and networking.
A colour technology conference jointly hosted by the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC), the American Association of Textile Chemists & Colorists (AATCC) and the China Textile Information Center (CTIC), and sponsored by Clariant and DyStar will take place in Shanghai from July23 to 25.
An international conference on flax and other bast plants has been scheduled in Saskatoon, Canada, from July 21 to 23.
The Fibre Society's fall 2008 annual meeting and technical conference have been scheduled for October 1-3 at the Industrial Material Institute, Boucherville, Quebec, Canada.
The Food and Agriculture Organsation will hold a natural fibres symposium at its headquarters in Rome on October 20.
The 10th All China Leather Exhibition, the China International Footwear Fair and Moda Shanghai will take place in Shanghai from September 3 to 5.
The second Aachen-Dresden international textile conference will taken place in Dresden, Germany, on December 4-5.
A four-day fashion fair begins in the South Korean city of Daegu on October 15. China's Zhejiang province, a leading textile and garment producer, will host three fairs-the 9th Yiwu international exhibition on hosiery, knitting, dyeing and finishing machinery, the 2nd Yiwu international exhibition on narrow fabric, braiding and garment machinery, and the 2nd Yiwu international exhibition on knitting yarns-in Yiwu city on November 18-20, all of them taking place concurrently at the Meihu Exhibition Centre.
The 8th India International Textile Machinery Exhibition which is known as India ITME has been scheduled for November 15-23 at the Bangalore International Exhibition Centre.
The next edition of China's oldest textile industry exhibition, the Shanghai Tex, will take place from June 12 to 15 next year at the Shanghai New International Expo Centre.
The Saigon Textile and Garment Industry Expo which is the only textile and garment trade show of Vietnam will take place again in April next year.
A nonwovens enhancements conference organised by AATCC and INDA, will be held on September 8 at the Hilton Americas in Houston, Texas, USA.
Technical Features
Properties of pulque fibre reinforced LDPE composites: Natural fibres like sisal, jute, hemp and flax that are low in density and excellent in mechanical properties are promising reinforcement to use in thermoplastic composites. They are relatively cheap and obtainable from renewable resources.
To make good use of fibre-reinforced composites, fibre surface treatment must be carried out to obtain an enhanced interface between the hydrophilic fibre and hydrophobic polymer matrix. Modifications of interfaces between fibre and polyester, epoxy, polypropylene, etc, have been studied in this research.
Our composites materials are composed of just two phases. One of them is LDPE, termed matrix, which is continuous and surrounded by the other phase fibre, often called dispersed phase. Technologically, the most important composites are those in which the dispersed phase is in the form of a fibre.
The following conclusion could be drawn from this study:
1. Treating fibre with NaOH can improve the flexural strength and tensile strength of pulque fibre reinforced LDPE composite.
2. Fibre surface treatment can improve the adhesion properties between pulque fibre and matrix and also reduce water absorption.
By M. Maniruzzamani, Md. Minhaz-ul Haque, Md. Sahadat Hossain of the Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh; and M.A. Gafur of PP & PDC, BCSIR, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Setting of Xorella yarn conditioning machine to control invisible loss: A high yarn realisation is a factor of great importance in the production economics of a spinning mill. One per cent reduction in yarn realisation would cause almost the same economic impact on the mill's profit as 1% increase in the raw material cost would make. This is because resale value of waste is much less than the actual price of cotton till it reaches yarn stage.
Normally the moisture in cotton will be 5-7%. Cotton is a hydrophilic fibre. It loses 1-2% of its moisture content when the fibre is being made into yarn.
The aim of this study was to determine if weight gain could be increased to more than 1.5% (existing weight gain 1.2% approx.) after two hours for both ring spun and open end rotor spun yarn as well as for waxed and un-waxed material.
In case of waxed material, weight gain after two hours is more than 1.5% and the time taken to complete program is approximate 65 to 70 min. In case of un-waxed material, weight gain after 2 hr is more than 1.7% and the time taken to complete program is approximate 60 min.
By Debi Prasad Gon & R K Nayak, both of The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani, India
Economical production of fine compact yarns: Combed cotton yarns in the medium and fine count range are being produced increasingly by compact spinning method. This technology is yielding a real gain in yarn quality. The primary benefits are greater utilisation of the fibre substance and reduced yarn hairiness.
The Zinser 351 C³ compact spinning machine permits high production speeds while ensuring process reliability, especially with regard to fine compact yarns. Combining the classic 3-cylinder drafting system with the Zinser CompACT³ unit produces a set-up that is highly reliable in operation.
Management Features
Speculation and cotton prices: The Standard & Poor's Goldman Sachs Commodity Index (S&P GSCI) is not an index fund. It is designed as a benchmark for investment in commodity markets and as a measure of commodity market performance over time. Several institutional investor funds, however, try to replicate or beat the returns calculated with the index.
The estimated notional of benchmarked assets to the S&P GSCI, i.e. the estimated institutional investor funds tracking the index, grew from US$60 billion in 2006 to $85 billion in 2007, and some analysts project they will grow to over $100 billion in 2008. The average share of the funds' assets channelled to cotton futures traded in the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) is approximated in this article through the reference percentage dollar weight (RPDW) of cotton disclosed on the S&P GSCI Index Methodology annual publications. Funds' investment in cotton futures is roughly approximated as the product of the RPDW multiplied by the benchmarked assets to the S&P GSCI.
In order to get a broader picture of the cotton futures and options markets, we analyse the evolution of open interest in the ICE disaggregated by traders' long positions. Data and definitions were obtained from the Commitments of Traders (COT) Reports by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC).
By Alejandro S. Plastina
Inspiration, insight, innovations: Cotton Inc opened an office in Hong Kong in May, shifting the emphasis from its traditional Southeast Asian headquarters to complement the activities in Shanghai and to reinforce its interest in the China region. The inauguration program included a series of presentations spread over three days and offered in the following topic areas: Inspiration (fashion), Insight (market intelligence) and Innovations (technologies). They started with the product trend analyst of Cotton Inc, Jenna Caccavo revamping her Fall/Winter 2009/10 presentation and following through with insights into the Spring/Summer 2010 season. Mark Messura led the session on market issues and directions, the series being capped by Mike Tyndall and Skip Gordon who skimmed through the multitude of product and process innovations in Cary, North Carolina, USA, and elsewhere.
By Gail Taylor
Ring spinning in fashion revolution: Fashion trends are very diverse. In what direction is fashion developing and what will assert itself in the short and medium term? Elastic yarns are currently in fashion. There is also considerable demand for fabrics with deliberate and clearly visible irregularities, produced from so-called fancy yarns. The urge for individuality in how people dress and what they wear is clearly gaining ground. This calls for systems that enable this very individuality to be taken into account already in the yarn manufacturing process.
Ring spinning machines set standards for yarns featuring superior quality and economy. Rieter supplies supplementary systems for ring spinning and ComforSpin machines, enabling an extremely flexible response to be made to the various fashion trends.
by Ankur Sharma.
No comments:
Post a Comment